Is -4.00 Myopia Bad?

Short answer: −4.00D is moderate-to-high myopia. You're still below the clinical threshold for 'high myopia' (−6.00D), but axial length at this level is approaching 26mm — the zone where structural risk begins to increase meaningfully. Annual dilated retinal exams are important.

Moderate–High myopia · Approx. axial length: ~25.5–26.0mm

Where -4.00 sits in the risk spectrum

Myopia severity is better understood through axial length (the physical length of the eye in millimetres) than through the diopter number alone. Two people can have the same prescription from different amounts of axial elongation — and axial length is what determines long-term structural risk, not the diopter number itself.

PrescriptionApprox. axial lengthStructural risk category
-1.00D~24.2mmLow
-2.00D~24.7mmLow–Moderate
-3.00D~25.2mmModerate
-4.00D~25.8mmModerate–High
-5.00D~26.1mmHigh
-6.00D~26.6mmHigh (IMI threshold)
-8.00D~27.5mmVery High
-10.00D~29.0mmExtreme

AL–refraction mapping is approximate (±2–3D individual variation). Based on Flitcroft 2012; Tideman et al. 2016. Your row is highlighted.

Clinical perspective

At −4.00D, axial length is approximately 25.5–26.0mm — approaching the structural threshold. Tideman et al. 2016 (JAMA Ophthalmol) showed that eyes at 26mm have approximately 3× the retinal detachment risk of eyes at 24mm. Ophthalmoscopic monitoring of the peripheral retina becomes more important at this level.

For parents: what this means for a child at -4.00

A child at −4.00D should already be in active myopia management. The question at this stage is which modality is working, and whether combination therapy is needed to slow further elongation.

The number that matters most is not the prescription — it's the rate of change. A child going from -4.00 to -4.75D in one year is progressing faster than a child going from -3.50D to -4.00 over two years. Enter two measurements in MyopiaTracker to calculate the actual progression rate.

What to do at -4.00

Active myopia management is strongly indicated for any child at −4.00D who is still progressing. Combination therapy (two modalities) may be considered for fast progressors.

Calculate your exact progression rate

Enter age and two axial length measurements. Get progression rate, AL percentile, and projected prescription at age 18 — with and without treatment.

Check progression now →
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Sources: Tideman JWL et al. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(12):1355–1363 (axial length risk) · Flitcroft DI. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2012;31(6):622–660 (AL–refraction modelling) · IMI 2025 Digest · Holden BA et al. Ophthalmology. 2016 (global prevalence)

This page is for educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice. Diopter-to-axial-length conversions are approximations (±2–3D individual variation). MyopiaTracker is a decision-support tool — not a diagnostic device. Consult a qualified optometrist or ophthalmologist for personalised advice.